Terrorism Change Over The Years - 970 Words

Veronica Olivares Ms. Garvin World History 14 March 2016 Terrorism Change Over the Years Throught the years terrorism have drastically changed our point of view of the world. In the 20th century terrorist did not have that much of technology to work with including aviation. Now a days they have more methods and forms to attack countries and states. A brief definition of terrorism is a use of violence acts to scare people in an area as a way to achieve political goals. Terrorism is the cause of many wars throughout history continues to this day leading to nations; such as Iraq and the United States fighting to rid the world of this evil. The use of terrorism started in 1795 relating to the reign of terror leaded by the French Government. The reason people become terrorist is because they see it as their only choice or is a sign for defending their religion. â€Å"The personal pathway model suggests that terrorists came from a selected, at risk population, who have suffered from early damage to their self-esteem,† (p sychologist Eric D. Shaw). This explains how young adults are becoming terrorist to find themselves, also because they are not happy with who they are. Terrorist technology has changed over the course. Terrorists have a lot of different ways to attack. They often attack on big activities like marathons, festivals, train station etc†¦ One thing they use most is hijacking. When they hijack you take control of boats,Show MoreRelatedEnergy Sanctions Case Study1248 Words   |  5 Pageseconomic interest†. Energy sanctions are often implemented for reasons including human rights issues, terrorism exportation, and national aggression. Sanctions can be put on a country by just the United Sates or Internationally. Countries such as Russia can be put under sanctions due to their violation of human rights. Iran is questioned for increased sanctions due to their large magnitude of terrorism exportation. North Korea raised questions of increased energy sanctions due to their repres entationRead MoreTerrorism And The Global Terrorism Database Essay819 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal Terrorism Database (GTD) through the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) through the University of Maryland from 1970 through 1999 there were on average six terror attacks per day across the globe for this thirty year period resulting in about a 70,000 total attacks. Now if we look at the twenty-first century we have a similar story. From 2000 through 2014 the world experienced about 72,000 total attacks. However, this is concerning because this is a fifteen year period andRead MoreThe Construction Of The War On Terrorism1103 Words   |  5 Pagessociety is characterized as â€Å"terrorism.† In the context of international relations, terrorism is one of the most challenged definitions. The term â€Å"terrorism† is politically and emotionally charged, which has made it difficult for the international community to develop a universally agreed upon definit ion. In a general sense, terrorism can be expressed as the use or threatened use of force against civilians to provoke political or social change. Shared elements of terrorism also include that it is politicalRead MoreThe Effects Of Terrorism On Terrorism And Terrorism944 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Terrorism â€Å"The history of terrorism is a history of well-known and historically significant individuals, entities, and incidents associated, whether rightly or wrongly, with terrorism,† (History of Terrorism). The history of terrorism is a long bloody road. One of the bloodiest of acts of terrorism in the early years, was the reign of terror. In which, the Jacobin leader, Maximilien Robespierre, executed 40,000 people. Newspapers coined the word â€Å"Terrorism† as a way of describing RobespierreRead MoreComparative Politics : Terrorism Edition952 Words   |  4 PagesComparative Politics: Terrorism Edition Over the last couple of decades, terrorism has risen from near-obscurity to become a commonly held fear among members of society. Up until the late 90’s, incidents of terrorism never rose past 500. The numbers spiked the years following, reaching over 6,500 in 2006. (Mohamed, Roser) No longer can we dismiss acts of terrorism as irrelevant or isolated incidents. At first glance, terrorism seems irrational with motives too diverse to narrow down. For the sakeRead MorePersuasive Essay On Terrorism1496 Words   |  6 PagesInstead, we should accept the risk and live our lives to the full. (Starling) The issue of terrorism is that it doesn’t stop and it’s been going on for years now, and it seems that the people haven’t done much to stop this. The reasoning is that since terrorism has been a thing for a while they have probably seen everything that they can do, so by trying to fight it, it will most likely become even worse. Terrorists are attacking more relig ious people than non-religious people because they mightRead MoreThe Bombing Of The United States1168 Words   |  5 Pagesplanes were highjacked and flown into the twin towers as a suicide mission. This was the first major terrorist attack on the United States. Terrorism has taken so many innocent lives. Its an issue we deal with on a daily basis. Because of this, President George Bush took extreme measures and was very successful on the global war on terror. He made multiple changes to laws and regulations to help keep American citizens safe. Despite the extreme measures former president George Bush took, the war on terrorRead MoreEvidence Of The Changing Roles Of Women In Women And Women984 Words   |  4 Pagesspecific roles and women predominantly provided a support type role (Bakker de Leede, 2015). This was in the form of bearing children or recruiters (Bloom, 2011). This has been evolving with instances of women actively engaging in violent Islamic terrorism (Bloom, 2011) . High-profile cases of home-grown radicalisation of females of a British background like that of ‘Samantha Lewthwaite’ and Sally Jones’ could be examples of a new breed of female terrorist (Bakkers de Leede, 2015; Berkowitz LingRead MoreDomestic Terrorism : A National Assessment Of State And Local Preparedness Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesHoffman published their study Domestic Terrorism: A National Assessment of State and Local Preparedness to examine the issues and problems state and local law enforcement agencies faced while dealing with the threat of terrorism in the United States. More specifically, researchers sought to identify how agencies at those two different levels perceived the terrorist threat in the United States, as well as learning how those agencies manage the threat of terrorism and plan and organize their responseRead MoreLiving With Terrorism Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pages Terrorism has been in existence for ages, and is still relatively difficult to define. Though the word terror is clear, when it becomes applied to acts, or actors, it becomes confusing. A definition that can be retrieved from Google is â€Å"the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims†. This gives a vague idea of what terrorism truly is. A more in-depth definition of terrorism would include characteristics such as, a crime of holy duty, a political tactic or strategy, an inexcusable

The Freedom Of Hate Speech Is Not Freedom Speech - 1143 Words

Hate Speech is not Freedom Speech Between August 11th and August 12th of 2017, the world watched the disturbance news of what was going on in Charlottesville, Virginia. The horrific videos and images left the world in shock. Groups of white supremacy, nationalists, hitler youths marched in unison screaming, â€Å"White lives matter! Blood and Soils! You will not replace us! Jews will not replace us!† More groups enraged their voices across Virginia to scream hate speech to other races. They threatened the â€Å"Black Lives Matter† organizations by telling a few of them to â€Å"go back to Africa.† It was a tragic moment where it took a life. Heather Heyer’s life was taken away from her because of such hatred. All the hate they had towards another†¦show more content†¦However, a person’s hate or bad belief should not be punished due to freedom of speech. There was two different hate crime cases that show their outcomes. In the R.A.V vs. City of St. Paul case of 1992, a white 14-years-old boy burned a cross in front of a black family’s lawn. The burning cross symbolize the Ku Klux Klan, an organization that spread hatred across the country. The burning cross showed the black family that they are not welcomed at their neighborhood. The family filed a lawsuit against them and it went to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court believed that the Minnesota law was unconstitutional, because they violated the boy’s First Amendment freedom of speech. The court ruled that the burning of the cross was not an illegal act, therefore; if the fire damaged the family’s property, it would have been a charged against the boy. The burning cross was a massage and not an action. The court attempted to punished white boy for his message. The second case, Wisconsin vs Mitchell of 1993, Mitchell and several black youths went to the movies to see, â€Å"Mississippi Burning,† where blacks were being beaten. After the movies, Mitchell saw a white youth and yelled, â€Å"There goes a white boy, let’s beat him up.† They went and attacked him. In a criminal law, penalties was based on the seriousness of the act. Beating someone up can cause a criminal penalty if it was a senior citizen, a child, a police officer, or a teacher. UnderShow MoreRelatedHate Speech And Freedom Of Speech1393 Words   |  6 Pages In the name of free speech, hate speech should not be tolerated. Hate speech has devastating effects on the people and communities it is targeted at. Left unchecked hate speech can lead to harmful and violent effects. Over the past few years, the effects of hate speech used on women, homosexuals, ethnic groups and religious minorities have become more and more apparent. Hate speech can be very divisi ve in many of the situations it is used, depending on who interprets the expression can vary howRead MoreThe Freedom Of Speech : Hate Speech1187 Words   |  5 PagesAn Introduction to the Marketplace of Ideas Freedom of speech, along with the freedom of the press, have both become the two most important rights for each American citizen to defend. The First Amendment defends five of the following freedoms: the freedom of religion, the freedom of assembly, the freedom of the press, the freedom of petition, and the freedom of speech (First Amendment Center). All of these freedoms are equally important. However, even when people in a democratic society better acknowledgeRead MoreFreedom of Speech, Hate Speech, Talk Radio2461 Words   |  10 PagesFreedom of Speech, Hate Speech, Talk Radio Brice Hinchman Freedom of Speech, Hate Speech, Talk Radio What is Freedom of speech? Well, the definition for freedom of speech is the ability to speak freely without being subject to censorship or without fear of retaliation from a governing body. There are at least two documents, the US Constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, that acknowledge that free speech is an unalienable right and protect it for all. There isRead MoreThe Fine Line between Freedom of Speech or Hate Speech?608 Words   |  2 Pageschallenges -- freedom of speech or hate speech? It didnt take much digging to find that the shirt, which is offensive to me (and I am Catholic), was inspired by Dove International -- whos head is none other than Quran burning Terry Jones. In my own opinion, Terry Jones is as much a domestic terrorist as Fred Phelps of the Westboro Baptist Church. Comparing both leaders and their churches -- both are small (less than 100 members), and both are in the south, and in my opinion both profess hate speechRead MoreMillian Principles, Freedom of Expression, and Hate Speech1350 Words   |  5 PagesSpeech that attacks a person or group of people on the basis of race, gender, or sexual orientation is regarded as hateful. It has the potential to incite violence or prejudicial action against or by a protected group of people. In Millian Principles, Freedom of Expression, and Hate Speech, Mill makes the claim that essentially all speech, including hate speech, should be allowed. This claim holds its validity as long as no harm is done to an individual. Here, I will show that low value speech failsRead MoreEssay on Hate Speech is the Price We Must Pay for Freedom of Speech2302 Words   |  10 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Living in the United States we enjoy many wonderful freedoms and liberties. Even though most of these freedoms seem inna te to our lives, most have been earned though sacrifice and hard work. Out of all of our rights, freedom of speech is perhaps our most cherished, and one of the most controversial. Hate speech is one of the prices we all endure to ensure our speech stays free. But with hate speeches becoming increasingly common, many wonder if it is too great of a price to pay, or one thatRead MoreAnalysis of Caroline West’s Article, Words That Silence? Freedom of Express and Racist Hate Speech791 Words   |  3 PagesThat Silence? Freedom of Express and Racist Hate Speech.† Here West probes what is meant by free speech and in so doing, identifies three dimensions of speech from which the value of free speech derives. These are production and distribution, comprehension, and consideration. Her major premise is that absent requirements of comprehension or consideration, free speech lacks the value it is generally accorded. West argues that allowing the production and distribution of r acist hate speech has a silencingRead MoreSpeech On Freedom Of Speech1484 Words   |  6 Pages Abby Koopmann Ethics Freedom of Speech Professor Hunt Culver Stockton College Freedom of Speech Americans have many freedoms that people in other countries can only wish they had. Just imagine a life where you could possibly be killed for speaking your mind and stating your opinion, other countries are living lives like that. According to Katy Davis, The United States ratified the first amendment on December 15th 1791 (Davis, n.d). We as a country don’t know where the governmentRead MorePersuasive Essay On Hate Speech1612 Words   |  7 Pages In the name of free speech, hate speech should not be tolerated. Hate speech has devastating effects on the people and communities it is targeted at. Left unchecked hate speech can lead to harmful and violent effects. Over the past few years, the effects of hate speech used on women, homosexuals, ethnic groups and religious minorities have become more and more apparent. Hate speech can be very divisive in many of the situations it is used, depending on who interprets the expression can vary howRead MoreImportance Of Freedom Of S peech914 Words   |  4 PagesFree Speech Should be Limited Everyone has the right to freedom of speech, but when there is freedom of speech without limits or restrictions, there is no doubt that this will lead to disaster. People will surely benefit if we are able balance between freedom of speech and restrictions to ensure that society can communicate and prosper without anarchy. The first amendment for freedom of speech can be a good thing and a bad thing if left to free. An important lesson that a young woman learned when

My Handsome Boy Named Scooter Free Essays

My Handsome Boy Named Scooter Judith A. Bell ENG 121 Thomas, Cooper December 2, 2012 One gorgeous summer day, I decided to stop in our local Humane Society and peep in on the new dogs. It was love at first site, my handsome boy Scooter sat in the corner of the last cage I peered in. We will write a custom essay sample on My Handsome Boy Named Scooter or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our eyes met and we both knew he was coming home with me that very day. I put a brand new bright neon green collar and leash on him as if he and I were pro’s, it fit perfectly. I then knew we were off to a beautiful start of our relationship. I just knew we were going to become the best of friends forever. On the car ride home, he sat so adorable in the seat next to me. We both were so excited to get home, we could barely wait. It felt like we were on pins and needles all the way there. After arriving to Scooter’s new forever home, I immediately went to work on setting up the house for a puppy. Laying down puddle papers, food, and water down in certain spots is necessary. So, He could easily get used to his surroundings. He could even tell me from the start, with his amazing nose, where I put his treats. He put his front paws on the cabinet and started barking. The next day, we went out in the back yard to let Scooter experience the alluring long bladed grass. He ran and ran until his itty bitty body was plum wore out. He slept like a newborn baby that night, and from that point on, every night in his bed witch was as soft and plushy as mine. Another morning, Scooter awoke with a blissful look on his face, so I decided to capture the moment and go for a peaceful bike ride. The next thing I know, I hear a yelp like I have never heard before. He somehow got his cute little nose/mouth in the spokes. I immediately saw bright red blood, so we rushed off to the animal hospital. The vet took a look at Scooter; he then turned to tell me he lost two teeth. I felt terrible and started to cry. That’s when the vet whispered, Scooter will be just fine. I was so elated, and ready to go home. After a few months of pure bliss for us both, Scooter started running out of our yard to chase cars going by. The next thing I heard was an extremely high yelp again. A small orange as the sun, car hit my handsome boy. I tried to scoop him up to see how horrific his wounds were. I became very upset at what I saw, his back left leg was terribly hurt and that familiar smell of blood was present. This time Scooter needed stiches and a cast. The vet again whispered to me, he is a very luck boy, and must have nine lives. And again we returned home to recover from his wounds. He never has gotten the full use of his leg back since. Right away, my husband put a fence up around our whole five acres. Now that a few years have gone by my handsome boy is slowing down. He uses three legs as if he was born that way. This just shows me, that no matter how bad things can get, we can overcome anything but death. And, my handsome boy and I will be there for each other, for the rest of our lives. `All in all, my handsome boy Scooter has gone through terrible accidents, but I will always treat him as if he is my child. I rescued him, and I will continue to cherish and love every moment we have together. I recommend that everyone should adopt at least one dog in their lifetime. There will never be a dull moment, and the love you exchange is unbelievable. My handsome boy Scooter will hold a piece of my heart forever. How to cite My Handsome Boy Named Scooter, Essay examples

How do you find sucess through struggle free essay sample

Coming from Colombia where she lived in abject poverty, my mother learned hard work and dedication from a very early age. Being the oldest of 10 children and having a single mom, she took on adult responsibilities. She saw her mother struggle incessantly to put food on the table and keep all her children safe and healthy. She knew this wasn’t the kind of life she wanted to live. Her mother brought her and her nine siblings to the United States in hopes of a brighter future. She became enamored with the idea of the â€Å"American Dream†. She began to teach herself the English language by listening to TV and reading the newspaper. Having so many brothers and sisters, it was hard for her mother to give each child the attention needed, but that never stopped her from pursuing and achieving her dreams. She worked since she was 10 years old to help out her mother and her siblings. We will write a custom essay sample on How do you find sucess through struggle? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My mom has taught me strength and determination. She has encouraged me to pursue my dreams and goals. My dream is to attend F.I.T and I know that I will cherish every moment there, and hope to make my mom and family very proud, just like she makes me. My mom is currently a registered nurse at the Stony Brook Cancer Center. She is now working towards a master’s degree in nursing. The fact that she can work full-time, have four kids, a husband, a house, and still go to school is astonishing. She has taught me that perseverance and education is the key to a prosperous future. I am a very focused and driven individual who understands the importance of a good education and knows what it will take to succeed which is hard work and dedication. I am not afraid of challenges and welcome the opportunity to prove to myself that I can accomplish the goals that I have set. I enjoy being around people and feel very comfortable relating and interacting with others. I have been a volunteer for the past 5 years at the Stony Brook Cancer Center. There I have had the privilege of meeting the most courageous people who even though are fighting cancer, never lose hope or the ability to see the brighter side of life. They have made a tremendous impact in my life and my perspective. This experience has given me the opportunity to grow spiritually and emotionally. I realize that I can make a difference in someone’s life every day, and I hope to achieve this at FIT. Why do I want to attend FIT? FIT is the college that embodies all the qualities that I am looking for in a school. I know that my experiences there will be inspirational and will ultimately lead me to a fulfilling professional career. FIT is the school that will inspire me to be creative and to develop valuable skills that will help me to achieve my professional and personal goals. As a young Hispanic female I would love to be an inspiration to others, just like my mom has been an inspiration to me. I hope to one day be able to tell my story of success and help young women like myself to pursue their dreams.

FBA Reflection Essay Example

FBA Reflection Essay What are the strengths of using the ABA/PIP process for Improving behavior? This Is the first time I have ever used the ABA/PIP process. I found the structure and breakdown of the assessment categories very helpful for organizing data collected. Also this process can be extremely helpful for supplying information if needed to an PIPE for the future. B. Are there drawbacks to the system? If so, what are they and what could be done instead? I think there are two drawbacks with the ABA/PIP process. The first and most important in my opinion is the length of time that is needed to complete the process. The data collection is time consuming and requires lots of documentation. The second issue I have with this process is I believe it may draw focus away from the instruction a teacher Is giving. I think that If a teacher Is trying to chart behaviors correctly mentally, this Is distracting to the teaching process. Even though It may be minimal, this distraction still exists. C. Describe your own learning In completing the p recess. I learned a lot from this assignment; however I think two aspects were extremely important to the ABA/PIP process. I learned to be very specific when describing behaviors. Explain the behaviors in a way that another person can walk into your room and be able to identify that same behavior without question. Another important thing I learned from this assignment is to only record what you observe. I have to make a real effort to not draw conclusions. The ABA/PIP is about recording observed behaviors and conclusions are not facts. We will write a custom essay sample on FBA Reflection specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on FBA Reflection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on FBA Reflection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer D. How does the process support student behavioral learning? The ABA/PIP supports behavioral learning because it allows the teacher and support staff to come up with ways of dealing with the behavior problem. The staff can look at the data and find different interventions to help the student extinguish the unwanted behaviors. Some of these interventions can involve changing the seating arrangement, implementing a reward system, or moving a student to a different instructional area. E. Who should be involved in the process? There are a number of people that should be involved with the ABA/PIP process. Any teachers Involved with the students education should be there. Mainly the general education and special education teachers If applicable. At least one of the students parents should be Involved. Any professionals that work with the student can be Involved such as TO, Speech and Language Therapists, Psychologists, Guidance Councilor, and Social Worker. Basically, anyone who can be helpful in the ABA/PIP process if needed. F. How would this information impact student study team decisions? The ABA/PIP impacts the student study team by offering the data needed to implement different interventions. The team evaluates the information supplied and formulates intervention to discourage the behaviors in the least possible intrusive way possible for the student. G. How would this information impact student eligibility for special education services? If a student does not currently have an PIPE the ABA/PIP can provide excellent data to begin the process. If all interventions fail and the student continues to display the behaviors, the study team can requests the student move to the next step of being tested for an PIPE. The ABA/PIP shows the students progression with the behavior and provides a lot of background information to help the PIPE process along. H. How can information from an ABA/PIP be incorporated into an PIPE? The ABA/PIP can be incorporated into an PIPE by simply attaching it to the PIPE itself. Or the ABA/PIP information can be used to help diagnose an BED student which could be part of the PIPE.

I Pity the Full!

I Pity the Full! I Pity the Full! I Pity the Full! By Maeve Maddox Something strange has happened to the useful expression foolproof. Many writers are writing full proof to mean safe against misinterpretation, misuse, or failure: How to make a contract full-proof CREATING A FULL PROOF MARKETING CAMPAIGN Reduce Stretch Marks From Pregnancy Try These Full-proof Remedies Steps to a Full Proof Insect Free House 10 Full Proof Methods On How To Make Easy Income Online! The expression foolproof originated in 1902 as an Americanism meaning safe against the incompetence of a fool. It combines the words fool and proof. fool: a person lacking in judgment or prudence; a person who acts stupidly or recklessly proof: The evidence or argument that compels the mind to accept an assertion as true. Foolproof follows the pattern of such words as fireproof and waterproof and means that something has been tested and proved to withstand certain damaging agents. The growing use of the expression full proof in the sense of foolproof may stem from a reluctance to cause offense to the fool demographic. Yet the definition in Merriam-Webster Unabridged skillfully manages to define foolproof without the slightest mention of the wisdom-challenged portion of the population:    ï ¿ ¼ foolproof 1 : so simple, plain, or strong as not to be liable to be misunderstood, damaged, or misused 2 : guaranteed to operate without breakdown or failure under any conditions There probably are contexts in which the expression full proof can be justified. For example, one might demand full proof of identity. Although it seems to me that proof would suffice. The expression to make full proof occurs in the King James translation of the Bible: †¨But watch thou in all things, endure afflictions, do the work of an evangelist, make full proof of thy ministry. 2 Timothy 4:5 The expression and discussions of its meaning are to be found on many evangelical sites: What constitutes â€Å"full proof† in Paul’s advice to Timothy? I think make full proof of means to fulfill the ministry that God gives you to do. If you just cant bear to use an expression that you fear may suggest youre calling someone a fool, here are a few words you could substitute in certain contexts: infallible dependable reliable trustworthy certain sure guaranteed Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with HeartHomonyms, Homophones, Homographs and HeteronymsHow Do You Fare?

Strategic Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Strategic Marketing - Essay Example Strategies can be applied to any functional areas such as finance, marketing, production, human resource (Proctor, 2000). Organizations always try to gain competitive advantages by adopting various strategies for their functional areas. Marketing, when done with the objective of gaining strategic competitive advantages, is called strategic marketing. Generally marketing strategies are adopted for product, price, promotion, distribution, merchandise, market research in order to gain competitive advantages in the long run. All these concepts of strategic marketing are developed keeping in mind the aim of the business. Moreover each and every concept thus developed is directly or indirectly involved with the people because people and business inextricably linked. Leo Burnett, well known for his memorable quotations is one of the most renowned personalities in the world of advertising. He took advertising to a different height by creating icons such as Tony the Tiger and Jolly Green Giant. One of those quotes made by Leo Burnett is â€Å"What helps people, helps business’’. This report attempts to analyze the significance of this famous statement in the context of strategic marketing. Earlier business organizations were known only as profit making units. People then were not treated as the principle contributing factor in the process of making profit. They were treated as a means for achieving business objectives. This concept of business has changed significantly over the years. Today’s business leaders have realized that in order to achieve the desired objective, organizations must give enough importance to the people who are associated with the business. It is the people who make business and it is the people who run business. Nowadays while making any strategic decision, the primary focus is kept on the people who are associated with that decision. Organizations, before taking any decision try to have a clear

Marketing Planning and Strategy (Ethical Challenge) 1 Assignment

Marketing Planning and Strategy (Ethical Challenge) 1 - Assignment Example ntation may however target physically disabled people and people with health problems in order to determine involved costs and risk in product delivery for determining prices. This may harm members of the target population by subjecting them to higher prices based on their special needs. Raju (2009) argues that segmentation helps to meet needs of special groups but the associated disadvantage of cost may lead to greater harm than if products were offered without segmentation and prices remained uniform. In addition, such segmentation may for a basis for identification of the challenges facing the groups and therefore expose them to stigma. Consequently, targeting the physically disabled or people with help problems, with the aim of meeting their special needs at higher costs, are a violation of ethical practices. Targeting the segments in insurance coverage is an example. The segmentation may induce higher cover cost and limit the group’s ability to afford cover and access car e. In addition, the segmentation may create the impression that the segment have poor health and induce stigma against members of the segment to worsen their welfare through induced emotional instability (Brenkert and Beauchamp,

Determine the value of knowledge as a competitive weapon to modern Essay

Determine the value of knowledge as a competitive weapon to modern organisations - Essay Example nt position in this as they are the real â€Å"knowledge producers† and hence any new knowledge that a company looks for is produced courtesy through these people. (Rocca, 1992) Competitive success is basically commanded by the companys capability to harness and indeed develop new forms of knowledge, gained either by observation or by experience attained, which can be called as assets that in turn create the required â€Å"core competencies† of the said organization. While these competencies do exist in many forms, learning on the part of a particular company plays a pivotal role, which eventually ventures into other resources of knowledge to generate high-class and exceptional showing from the company’s employees. (Dunn, 2001) Core competencies, which usually flow out of a company, provide characteristic benefits to both the customers as well as any other individuals attached with it. These are generally espied as being the foundation of forming a competitive advantage within the said company. It is quite true that there is a host of ways in which new knowledge within a company is facilitated within its ranks. The need here is to classify the m with respect to their importance, which include the cultural infrastructure can be changed within a company so as to gather some proportion to the fact of the actual remains that have to be taken care of in the company and in its employees’ minds. It demands idealization and disclosure of everlasting knowledge that is created over a certain period of time. This usually requires basic changes to already set cultural notions in companies and more so in the minds of their employees. (Fahy, 1996) Also operational infrastructure is changed through human resources organizational practices that are managed and received by the employees and other people in a different way altogether. A basic revamp of a knowledge-centered company is required here, which would involve the job ladders, compensations, work locales and command and

Policing Of Gangs In Rural And Urban Areas Criminology Essay

Policing Of Gangs In Rural And Urban Areas Criminology Essay Gang related crimes and activities are being exported to rural communities and gangs are migrating to more rural areas. Social reasons and drug trafficking are the primary reasons for the spread of drug use and why gangs are developing in rural areas. When concerning the exporting or spreading of urban crimes to rural areas, the migration of gangs and their criminal activities plays a large role. Police strategies make it hard for gangs to stay inside of the metropolitan areas, so gangs are moving their operations to places less known to the police. Gang members find a base for their operations and seek out troubled or lost youth to join their gang. When concerning the methods of policing, policing strategies, and crime, there is a big difference between rural environments and urban environments. Gang Identification There are significant indications which identity gang members in a particular group or gang. These indications are specific tattoos, graffiti tags, gang colors, and self identification by youths (Weisheit Wells, 2001). Law enforcement officials rely on visual impressions when determining whether or not a youth, or any individual is in a gang. When gang members try to keep a low profile, this can make it especially hard for law enforcement to identify them individually or as a group. Gang members keep low profiles by not getting tattoos that signify their gang, by not wearing any specific color in their dress, and by withholding the use of gang signs. Many suburban and rural communities are experiencing rises in gang related crimes and violence. However, the impact of gangs is worse the mores densely populated areas, especially areas with populations of 50,000 people or more (Howell, 2006). However, gangs are attracted to rural communities because this way they can grow their drug distribution areas, they can hide from or escape from police, and recruit new members into their gangs. Relocation of Gangs Gangs use tools to recruit new gang members and one of these tools is the Internet. The Internet makes communication between them and other gang members in other parts of the country or even in other foreign countries possible. These gangs commit about 80% of the crime in many communities (National Gang Intelligence Center, 2009). Reports of gang related homicides are mainly concentrated in the largest cities in the United States, because gangs are more persistent in these large cities. Youth gangs are also responsible for a disproportionate number of homicides (Howell, 2006). Some of the more common kinds of gang related crimes are smuggling aliens, armed robbery, assault, auto theft, trafficking drugs, fraud, identity theft, home invasions, and murder (National Gang Intelligence Center, 2009). Gangs deal with the trafficking of illicit drugs such as marijuana and cocaine in most suburban communities. The impact of gang migration on local gangs is not as large as once thought, but it is still an issue. According to a 2004 National Gang Youth Survey study, which involved information they received from law enforcement of gang member migration, the results showed that a small number of agencies had reported that more than half of the documented gang members had migrated from other areas (Howell, 2006). Of the agencies that experience a larger percentage of gang migration, 45% reported the reason behind the migration was due to social reasons, such as family. They also reported that 23% was due to the drug market, 21% was due to evading law enforcement, and 18% was because of other illegal ventures (Howell, 2006). Social reasons or issues are the driving force behind gang migration. Gangs spread out into smaller regions or towns because the access to transportation is easy to obtain. The easy access to transportation makes it easier to traffic drugs. Gangs are attracted to trafficking drugs out from small rural areas because of the large profits they can make off of drugs in smaller towns. The street value of drugs in smaller towns is two to three times higher than the value in metropolitan areas (Donnermeyer, 1995). These gang members establish or set up drug dealing businesses or franchises in these rural communities because they can move drugs more securely and safely and because the latest and most popular drugs are available more speedily (Donnermeyer, 2005). Even though there is a focus on urban street gangs in rural areas, biker gangs have a history of criminal activity in rural settings (Muhammad, 2002). It is also easier in rural areas for gang members to get the local drug dealer(s) to cooperate with them in drug transactions. Gangs not only migrate from urban settings or regions to rural areas, they also migrate from rural regions to urban areas. These types of gangs are generally known as hate groups. These hate groups include white supremacist groups. There are many members of these white supremacist groups such as Members of the Aryan Nation and Skinheads that are born and raised in rural areas (Donnermeyer, 2005). Since these white supremacist gang members are born and raised in rural areas, they are more likely to first establish gang operations in these rural areas. Once they have their drug franchises established in rural areas, they then reach out and get connected with gang members in the larger cities and then are able to move and set up their operations in the larger metropolitan areas (Donnermeyer, 2005). Once they are settled into the urban area, they have easier access to and can target minority groups. Urban Gangs and Rural Gangs There are many similarities between metropolitan and rural gangs. Metropolitan and rural gangs both are strongly connected with social stability and they both are molded by characteristics of the population (Weisheit Wells, 2001). According to a study or survey based on police reports on gangs between the years of 1996 and 1998, among the agencies in nonmetropolitan areas; 22.6 percent reported persistent gang problems, 57 percent reported a persistent absence of gangs, and 20.4 percent reported transitory gang problems (Weisheit Wells, 2001). The biggest difference in urban and rural gangs is the role economic issues have on these groups. Economic factors are more important to gangs in urban areas than gangs in rural areas. Gang activity in metropolitan areas has a different relationship to poverty as compared to gang activity in rural areas (Weisheit Wells, 2001). Gangs are more likely to be reported in nonmetropolitan areas that are growing economically. Police Response to Gangs The practices of policing are different from one jurisdiction to another and being able to gain information on the different styles of police behavior can bring about a detailed look into the role of the police in urban and rural communities. There are various types of policing styles when it comes to different rural regions. These differences change from region to region and from one jurisdiction to the next. In one region police may be more involved dealing with illegal immigration and in another region police may be more involved with drug trafficking and/or illegal crops. There are specific issues that influence law enforcement operations in rural communities. These aspects are the informal social control among individuals in the rural community, rural citizens not trusting the government, and keeping their inside problems to themselves (Falcone, Weisheit, Wells, 1994). Citizens in rural communities are less likely to report crimes and because of this, there is less information gathered on the precise number of crimes that happen in these rural communities. One way police deal with or respond to gangs in their jurisdiction is through gang training. Police have training on technical assistance thatà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s needed when dealing with gangs and when concerning forming task forces. The most frequent response to gang activity is suppression through strict enforcement, such as the zero tolerance policy, which is more associated with urban police (Weisheit Wells, 2001). It has been suggested that zero tolerance strategies are easier to implement in smaller communities where gang members were easier to identify. Police use the community and stress the importance of prevention when it comes to gangs and gang activity (Weisheit Wells, 2001). When it concerns youth in gangs and that have stronger bonds with the community, police tend to focus more on family pressure than on prevention. Conclusion There are differences in crimes and policing concerning gangs in rural regions and gangs in urban regions. It seems that the differences of gang related crimes and policing efforts in various jurisdictions and regions may be decreasing but the spread of gang related crimes is finding its way into rural regions. There needs to be more research on rural gangs so rural law enforcement can better understand, be better trained, and be better equipped to deal with these gang members and to be able to prevent and reduce gang related activities. Even though law enforcement agencies in rural areas may be lacking when it comes to tools and resources, rural police agencies seem to be more efficient and more respected by the public. .

Essay --

The story of â€Å"Unwind† revolves around three main characters that are all scheduled to be sent to a harvest camp and unwound. Connor is a sixteen year whose family believes that he has caused too much trouble in society. Risa is a ward of the state, and due to budget cuts, is too expensive to be kept in the program. Lev is tithe, and individual that has been born with the purpose of being unwound. Connor one day discovers an unwind order in the house and decides to run away. With the help of an honest truck driver, Connor manages to slip away. However, Connor keeps his cell phone and the tracker inside gets him caught. The police attempt to arrest Connor but he resists arrest, runs through the traffic on the road, and grabs a tithed to use as a human shield. This event in turn causes a bus full of state home wards to spin out of control and overturn. Risa is one of the individual on that buss. Risa, Connor, and Lev all run into the woods. The next morning, while the thre e are gathering supplies such as food and clothes, they come across a storked baby on the door step. Due to past experiences, Connor decides to put all three of them in risk and decides to pick up the baby while a police car slowly passes nearby. Risa, Connor, Lev and the baby all get onto the school bus in hopes of not being suspected by the police car. Once they arrive at the school, they find the nearest bathroom and hide in it with the baby. Lev sees this as an opportunity to escape. As a tithe, he believes that it is an honor to live with the purpose of being unwound, so he finds his way to the school office and turns himself and Connor and Risa in. He then asks for a call, and calls his pastor, who to Lev’s surprise informs him that his face was purposely k... ... who explode inside of the unwinding facility. Lev wants to do the same, but changes his mind, saves Connor, and confesses to the police. Connor wakes up in a hospital and is informed that he was the unwilling recipient new eye and a hand that evidently belonged to Roland. The nurse also gives Connor a fake ID to save him from being unwound. Risa is left paralyzed from the waist down because her band was playing when the clappers exploded, but she refuses treatment because cripples cannot be unwound. Lev is also saved. The explosive liquid is being taken out from his blood stream and his uncle is applying for guardianship. Risa and Connor take over the admiral’s job because the admiral is too weak after his heart attack. Because the admiral did not want a heart of an unwound, his heart only function 25% of its full potential. However, he is still alive and well.

The Bioethics Debate

Kristi Ellis Mrs. Scheidt English 1301. 174 11 October 2012 Paper #2 – The Bioethics Debate In â€Å"Patenting Life,† by Michael Crichton, and â€Å"Bioethics and the Stem Cell Research Debate,† by Robyn S. Shapiro, they discuss gene patenting, medicine, stem cell research, and the laws of bioethics. According to Crichton and Shapiro, humans are all born with genes, stem cells, and organs that are part of our natural world, yet when the law tries to put limits on these rights it becomes unethical. Crichton and Shapiro both agree about the controversial issues surrounding science and medicine.They both point out the unethical issues, the innovation in medicine, and the impact on science and medicine in relation to the law. In both essays Crichton and Shapiro list many immoralities that arise out of bioethical issues. For instance, Crichton refers to an example of the Canavan disease in which the process to find a cure was halted due to gene patenting. It was a pri me example of an issue that was unethical because the owner of the gene for the disease could choose whether or not to charge for a test and choose how much to charge for it, which blocks medical innovations.Crichton states, â€Å"There is no clearer indication that gene patents block innovation, inhibit research and put us all at risk† (432). Crichton goes on to say that genes are part of humans naturally and should not be privately owned (431). In comparison, Shapiro explains although embryonic stem cells give promise to the medical field, many ethical issues surround it such as the destruction of the embryo. Shapiro also writes that those who denounce embryonic stem cell research believe the embryo is already a human being with rights from conception, while others believe that human rights do not exist prior to birth (435).Additionally, medical advancement is critical for innovation in both essays. Crichton states that gene patenting prevents medical testing and slows medi cal advancement. Not only does it halt research, but it causes the costs of medical testing to rise because the owner can charge whatever he wants (431). He mentions doctors cannot get information on if a medication will or will not work on someone because the lack of quality tests. Crichton says â€Å"For years we’ve been promised the coming era of personalized medicine – medicine suited to our particular body makeup.Gene patents destroy that dream† (432). In contrast, Shapiro states that stem cells are important to the medical field because they can turn into a wide array of cell types that can help people with diseases such as diabetes, nervous system diseases, and Parkinson’s disease (434-35). In addition, he says stem cell research could provide important information on how human organs and tissues develop, which could lead to development of new medications (435). In both sources, the law plays a significant role in the unethical issues surrounding s cience and medicine.Crichton mentions how the United States Patent Office issued gene patents by mistake because of misinterpreted Supreme Court rulings. The issue of gene patents make it hard for people to donate their genes because most of the genes are privately owned (431). Crichton states that two congressman sponsored the genomic research and Accessibility Act, a bill that would ban patenting genes in nature (432). Shapiro denotes the growing importance of the law surrounding bioethical issues. He cites the United States Supreme Court cases of Roe v.Wade and Stenberg v. Carkart which dealt with a partial birth abortion law. Shapiro states, â€Å"In state courts, bioethical considerations inform judges’ balancing of patient healthcare confidentiality with a â€Å"duty to warn† of potentially dangerous patient behavior (433). The most significant law Shapiro cites is the Dickey Amendment which prohibits federal funding for embryo research (436). Shapiro mentions i n addition to federal funding restrictions, many states have laws that limit embryonic stem cell research.Lastly, he cites the eligibility of federal patent protections significantly, the Thomson Patents (437). In conclusion, both Crichton and Shapiro can conclude the topics of gene patenting and embryonic stem cell research are unethical in some way. Although gene patenting blocks innovation and embryonic stem cell research promotes it, they both have laws that limit the impact on the world of science and medicine. According to Shapiro, â€Å"As these issues have moved to the center of public debate, the law has assumed an increasingly important place in the discipline of bioethics† (433).Thus, when the law puts limits on human genetics it becomes unethical and immoral according to both essays in this bioethical debate. WORD COUNT: 740 Works Cited Crichton, Michael. â€Å"Patenting Life. † Perspectives on Contemporary Issues: Readings Across the Disciplines. 6th ed. E d. Katherine Anne Ackley. Boston: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2012. 431-432. Print. Shapiro, S. Robyn. â€Å"Bioethics and the Stem Cell Research Debate. † Perspectives on Contemporary Issues: Readings Across the Disciplines. 6th ed. Ed. Katherine Anne Ackley. Boston: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2012. 433-438. Print.

The Five Different Approaches to Motivation

The first being instincts which are the patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned. Fact: people and animals are born preprogrammed with sets of behavior's essential to survive. The second being the drive-reduction approach. It suggests that a lack of some basic biological requirement such as water produces the drive to obtain the water. The third being the arousal approach in which each person tries to maintain a certain level of stimulation and activity. The forth would be the incentive approach which it suggests that motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals, or incentive. The fifth would be the cognitive approach and it suggests that motivation is a product of a person's thoughts, expectations, and goals-their cognitions. The one approach i chose would be the incentive approach. I feel that i am more motivated when there is some incentive involved because i know at the end of the day i am going to be rewarded for my assistance. For example: My boss wants me to do some work for him that might take two hours. The two hours would be over-time at twenty for dollars an hour. Fortunetly he say for the work, off the clock he would give me two sixty-five dollar tickets to the season opener for The Pistons at The Palace of Auburn Hills. The offer of the tickets gave me incentive to do the work and it only took me an hour and fifteen minutes to finish it.

Circles on ACT Math Geometry Formulas and Strategies

Circles on ACT Math Geometry Formulas and Strategies SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One of the ACT’s absolute favorite shapes is the circle (or at least we assume so, given how often circles show up on the test). You will not be given any formulas on the ACT, so you’ll have to know and memorize the ins and outs of how circles work before test day. And, considering how often circles show up, mastering circle problems is definitely in your best interest. This will be your complete guide to ACT circles, including areas, circumferences, degrees, arcs, and points on a circle. We’ll take you through what these terms mean, how to manipulate and solve for various aspects of a circle, and how to tackle the most difficult ACT circle questions you may see on test day. What Are Circles? A circle is formed from the infinite number of points equidistant (the same distance) from a single pointthe center of the circle. A circle is also a two dimensional shape, which means it is completely flat. So any and all straight lines drawn from the center will exactly hit the edge of the circle as long as all the lines are of equal length. Degrees and Radians A circle is measured in either degrees or radians. Both are ways to express either the whole circle or pieces of the circle. A full circle has 360 degrees. A semicircle (half a circle) has $360/2 = 180$ degrees, which is why a straight line equals 180 degrees. To find a piece of a circle, you must find it in relation to 360 degrees. So an eighth of a circle is $360(1/8) = 45$ degrees, and a third of a circle is $360(1/3) = 120$, etc. Just as a circle has 360 degrees, you could also say that it has $2Ï€$ radians. You find the radian measure of pieces of a circle the exact same way that you found pieces of a circle using degrees. So an eighth of a circle in radians is $2Ï€(1/8) = Ï€/4$ radians and a third of a circle in radians is $2Ï€(1/3) = {2Ï€}/3$ radians, etc. (For more information on radians, check out our guide to ACT trigonometry.) Circumference The circumference is the edge of the circle. It is made from the infinite points equidistant from the center. Diameter A diameter is any straight line drawn through the center of the circle which connects two opposite points on the circle’s circumference. Radius The radius of a circle is a straight line drawn from the center to any point on the circle’s circumference. It is always half the diameter. Tangency Circles are often described as â€Å"tangent† with one another. This means that they touch at exactly one point on each circumference. They might be inside one another (as in this picture), or they may touch "externally" at a single point. p p="" Ï€ (pi) If you’ve taken a geometry class, then you are also probably familiar with Ï€ (pi). Ï€ is the mathematical symbol that represents the ratio of any circle’s circumference to its diameter. It is usually expressed as 3.14(159), but its digits go on infinitely. (For more information on ratios, check out our guide to ACT ratios.) Let's say we have a circle with a particular diameter (any diameter will do). Now let's line up this same circle so that we have a series of the same diameter measurement all in a row. Now, if we pick a point on the circumference of the circle and line it up at the beginning of the line, we can then "unroll" the circumference to see how long it is. Once we unroll the circumference and lay it out flat, we can see that it measures a little over 3 times the diamter of the circle (specifically, 3.14159, or Ï€, times the diameter). No matter what the diameter of the circle, the circumference will always be Ï€ times that diameter. So, if a circle’s diameter is 1, then its circumference is Ï€. And if its diameter is 2, then its circumference is 2Ï€, etc. You know all your definitions (whoo!), so now what? Well it's time to put the pieces together into our trusty circle formulas! Circle Formulas You will not be given any formulas on the test, so you will need to know these ACT circle formulas by heart in order to solve your circle problems. Let's look at all the formulas you'll need. Circumference $$c = Ï€d$$ Because Ï€ is the relationship between a circle’s diameter and its circumference, you can always find a circle’s circumference as long as you know its diameter (or its radius) with the formulas: $c = Ï€d$ or $c = Ï€2r$ Because the contestant must run around the course, she is running the circumference of the circle. And we are told that she will do so 3 times in order to complete her race. So a 1-track loop would be: $c_{1 \loop} = Ï€2r$ (We are told that the radius is â€Å"$R$† so we can leave it as is.) And a 3-track loop would be: $c_{3 \loop} = (Ï€2r) * 3$ $Ï€6r$ So our final answer is K, $6Ï€r$ Area $$a = Ï€r^2$$ You can also use Ï€ to find the area of a circle as well, since a circle’s area is closely related to its circumference. (Why? Because a circle is made of infinite points, and so it is essentially made up of infinite triangular wedgesbasically a pie with an infinite number of slices. The height of each of these wedges would be the circle’s radius and the cumulative bases would be the circle’s circumference.) So you would be able to find a circle’s area using the formula: $a = Ï€r^2$ The dog’s leash represents the radius of the circle, because the dog can run 9 feet in any straight line from the center of the stake in the ground. So we must find the area of the circle using 3.14 for $Ï€$ and 9 for the radius. $a = Ï€r^2$ $a = (3.14)(9^2)$ $a = (3.14)(81)$ $a = 254.34$ So our final answer is D, 254. Arcs $$c_\arc = Ï€d({\arc \degree}/360 °)$$ $$a_{\arc \sector} = Ï€r^2({\arc \degree}/360 °)$$ In order to find the circumference of a circle’s arc (or the area of a wedge made from a particular arc), you must multiply your standard circle formulas by the fraction of the circle that the arc spans. To determine the fraction of the circle that the arc spans, you must have the degree measure of the arc and find its measure out of the circle’s full 360 degrees. So if you want to find the circumference of an arc that is 90 °, it would be $1/4$ the total area of the circle. Why? Because $360/90 = 4$ (in other words, $90/360 = 1/4$). In order to find the circumference measure of an arc, we must have both the degree measure and the circle’s radius or diameter. Luckily, we have all of these. The degree measure of the arc, we are told, is 45. The top diagram tells us that the diameter of the circle is 24 feet. So the circumference of our arc is: $c \arc = Ï€d({\arc \degree}/360 °)$ $c \arc = Ï€24(45/360)$ $c = 3Ï€$ Because we can see that our answer does not use units of $Ï€$, let us convert our answer to digits by replacing $Ï€$ with 3.14. $3Ï€ = 3(3.14)$ $9.42$ We have successfully found the measurement of our arc, but we are not quite done. The question is asking us to find the full length of the zipper, which spans the length of the arc as well as the radius of the circle. This means we must find our radius and add it to our arc measurement. The radius of the circle is 12. Why 12? Because our diameter is 24 feet and a circle’s radius is always half the diameter. $24/2 = 12$ So when we add our arc measure and our radius together, we get: $9.42 + 12 = 21.42$ And the closest answer to match our measurement of 21.42 is answer choice G, 22. This means our final answer is G, 22. With a dash of formula knowledge (and, presumably, some eye of newt), you can solve any and all circle problems. Magic! Typical Circle Questions on the ACT Circle problems on the ACT will be one of two typesdiagram problem or word problem. Let us look at each type. Diagram Problem A diagram problem will give you a diagram from which to work. You must use the visual you are provided and either find a missing piece or find equivalent measurements or differences. Helpful hint: often (though not always), the trick to solving a circle problem is in finding and understanding the radius. All lines drawn from the center to the circumference are radii and are therefore equal, and this will often play a vital part to solving the whole problem. We are hoping to find the one statement that is NOT true, so let’s go through them and see which ones are accurate and inaccurate. Answer choice F says that angle TUM is 65 °. Well, we know that angle TMU must be 50 ° because it is opposite angle RMS and opposite angles are equal. (For more on this, check out our guide to ACT lines and angles.) We also know that lines TM and MU are equal. Why? Because they are both radii of the circle (lines from the center to the circumference of the circle) and so they must be equal. This means that the triangle TMU is an isosceles triangle, which means that angles MTU and TUM are equal. There are 180 ° in a triangle, so if we subtract 50 °, we get: $180 - 50 = 130$ This means that each of the angles MTU and TUM add up to equal 130. And, because they are equal, we can find their measure by dividing 130 ° in half. $130/2 = 65$ So F is correct, angle TUM is 65 °. Now let’s look at option G, which says that lines RS and TU are parallel. We know this to be true. Why? Because together, the triangles form two diameters of the circle. And so straight lines downwards from where those diameters touch the circumference of the circle will be parallel. H says that arc TXU measures 50 °. We already know this to be true, because angle RMS measures 50 ° and its opposite angle is TMU, which must also measure 50 °. Because the arc TXU contains and is made from angle TMU, its measurement must also be 50 °. Answer choice J says that line RM = line TM, which we also know is true. Why? Because they are both radii of the circle and so they must be equal. By process of elimination, this must mean that K is wrong (and thus our final choice), but let’s make sure. K says that lines RS and SM are equal, but we already know this cannot be true. Why? Because RM and MS are both radii and so they must be equal and angle RMS is 50 °, which means the triangle is not equilateral. Because it is not an equilateral triangle, lines RM and TM cannot be equal. (Note: if this question was at all confusing to you, check out our guide to ACT triangles) So our final answer is K. Word Problem Word problem questions about circles will describe a scene or situation that revolves around circles in some way. As you saw earlier in the section on areas and circumferences, word problem questions will often be a little more straightforward than a diagram question, as the picture is not given to you. When given a word problem question, it is a good idea to do your own quick sketch of the scene. This will help you keep all the details in order. Because this is a word problem, let us make our own picture of the scene. First, we know that we have a circular table. We are told that is is 3 feet in diameter (in other words, 36 inches), so let us draw it. Now, the tablecloth will be rectangular and will hang down at least 5 inches from any point on the circular table. Finally, we need 1 more inch of tablecloth on every side (to sew down as a finishing touch). Now, we can simply count our inches from top to bottom (or side to side) in a straight line. This will tell us the minimum length required for the fabric. If we go from top to bottom, we can see that we will need: $1 + 5 + 36 + 5 + 1$ $48$ inches of fabric. Our final answer is K, 48. Real life (and delicious) applications of circumferences and areas. How to Solve a Circle Problem When confronted with a circle problem, remember to employ these ACT math strategies: #1: Write down your formulas at the beginning of the math section As soon as you open up your ACT math section, take 20 seconds and write down your formulas. This way, you’ll have them as a reference for the rest of your allotted time, and you won’t worry about forgetting them in the heat of the moment when you’ll need them later on. #2: Draw your own diagrams If you’re not given a diagram, draw one yourself! It doesn’t take long to make your own picture and doing so can save you a lot of grief and struggle as you go through your test. It can be all too easy to make an assumption or mix up your numbers when you try to perform math in your head, so don’t be afraid to take a moment to draw your own pictures. And if you are given a diagram, draw on it too! Mark down congruent lines and angles, write in your radius measurement or your given angles. Mark any and all pieces of information you need or are given. The reason not everything is marked in your diagrams is so that the question won’t be too easy, so always write in your information yourself. #3: Analyze what’s really being asked of you All the formulas in the world won’t help you if you think you’re supposed to find the area, but you’re really being asked to find the circumference. Always remember that standardized tests are trying to get you to solve questions in ways in which you’re likely unfamiliar, so read carefully and pay close attention to the question you’re actually being asked. #4: Use your formulas Once you’ve verified what you’re supposed to find, most circle questions are fairly straightforward. Plug your givens into your formulas, isolate your missing information, and solve. Voila! A tasty mathematical conspiracy? Test Your Knowledge Now let's put your circle knowledge to the test on these real ACT math problems. 1. 2. 3. Answers: B, B, H Answer Explanations: 1. In order to determine the degree measure of a section of a pie chart, we must determine the fraction (or percentage) of the sector we’re working with compared to the whole amount of the circle. In this case, we want to know what fraction of people total voted for Gomez in order to find how much of the pie chart the Gomez votes should be allotted. If 40 people out of 200 voted for Gomez, then the Gomez votes are: $40/200$ $1/5$ of all the votes total. Because Gomez votes are $1/5$ of the total votes, then they should take up $1/5$ of the pie chart. A circle is 360 degrees. So: $(360)(1/5) = 72$ The arc sector of the Gomez votes will be at a 72 degree angle in the pie chart. So our final answer is B. 2. We are given a diameter of 8 and we need to find the perimeter of the entire figure of two semicircles and a square. Together, the two semicircles make a full circle with a diameter of 8, and their circumference makes up part of the perimeter. This means we must find the circumference of the circle the two semicircles make when put together. $c = Ï€d$ $c = Ï€(8)$ So the circumference of the circle the two semicircles make is $8Ï€$. (Because we are dealing with semicircles, you could also find half of each of their circumferences by saying: ${1/2}c = 8Ï€$ = $4Ï€$. Each of their circumferences would be $4Ï€$, so together, they would make: $4Ï€ + 4Ï€ = 8Ï€$. Either way, the total circumference of the perimeter would be $8Ï€$.) Now we must add that to the rest of the perimeter, which is formed by part of the square. Two sides of the square (both measuring 8) make part of the perimeter, so we have: $p = 8 + 8 + 8Ï€$ $p = 16 + 8Ï€$ So our final answer is B. 3. Because we are working with circles, we know that lines PS and PT are radii. Why? P is the center of the circle and points T and S lie on the circumference, so we know that the lines connecting them are radii. Because PS and PT are equal and angle PST is 30 degrees, that means that angle PTS is also 30 degrees. Why? Angles opposite equal lines are equal (for more on this, check out our guide to ACT triangles). This means we can find angle TPS as the shape is a triangle (which has 180 degrees total). $180 - 30 - 30 = 120$ So angle TPS = 120 degrees. Now that we have found angle TPS, we can also find angle RPS. Together, the two angles make a straight line, which means that they must equal 180 degrees total. (Why? Because a circle is 360 degrees and a semicircle is 180 degrees. A straight line will therefore always measure 180 degrees.) $180 - 120 = 60$ This means that angle RPS = 60 degrees. And since angle RPS forms our arc, our arc measure it 60 degrees. So our final answer is H. Puppies cannot lie; it is scientific fact. You solved your ACT math problems and are, indeed, awesome. The Take-Aways Circle problems are quite common, but most of them are slight variations on the same themes of area and circumference. On the ACT, the most useful part of any circle is generally the radius and, once you’ve gotten used to thinking that all radii are equal, then you will often be able to breeze past even the trickiest of ACT circle problems. Remember your formulas and keep a clear head about what’s being asked of you and you will be able to take out a significant portion of the ACT geometry section with circles alone. What’s Next? Now that you know all there is to know about ACT circles, make sure you're up to speed on all the other math topics on the ACT. Whether you need to brush up on solid geometry, trigonometry, ratios, or integers, you'll find what you need in our ACT math guides. Running out of time on ACT math? We'll show you the tips and tricks you need in order to beat the clock. Looking for a math tutor? Check out our guides on how to find the perfect ACT tutor for your needs. Angling to get a perfect score? Our guide to an 800 on the math (written by a perfect-scorer) will tell you exactly how to reach those score goals by test day. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. 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HRM Pharmaco case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

HRM Pharmaco case study - Assignment Example "Human issues arising from the restructuring of multinational corporations are being delegated to HR for studay and implementation" (Fitz-Enz, 2002, 4). Therefore, human resource management should be prepared to deal with such challenges. Unfortunately, empirically, it has been a common practice to cut the human resources department first to save money and resources when a company is experiencing difficulty. "And when companies were downsizing and restructuring, human resource capabilities were the first thing cut" (Losey et all, 2005, 13). Such poor leadership decisions are not forward thinking and result in an understaffed HR department that is not prepared to lead the company's restructuring. In the case of Pharmaco, inefficient human resource decisions couple with poor communication between employees hindered development. Evaluation of the management style of Pharmaco yields information about the company's core values and beliefs. The purpose of the case study was to "appreciate the range of employees and types of job that exist within pharmaceutical companies" (Sewell and Scarbrough, 2002, 182) Pharmaco is a British company, which is important to note because the "pharmaceutical industry is often highlighted as one of the few examples of British manufacturing success in high value added markets" (Sewell and Scarbrough, 2002, 115). ... Like other industries dependent upon science, pharmaceutical companies need to constantly retrain and innovate in order to achieve and continue to enjoy market competitiveness (Sewell and Scarbrough, 2002, 43). This distinguishes such businesses from other more traditional companies and creates intriguing dilemmas for human resource management. Retention of employees is key as confidentiality is a premium for the field. Temporary workers require human resource analysts to design specific policy and compensation procedure that may differ from that of permanent workers. This inherently creates uncertainty which may be compounded by ineffective implementation or the perception of favourable treatment of one group over another. The first issue to be examined is why these individuals choose to become temporary workers so that their attitudes and effectiveness may be gauged. As David Cenzo and Stephen Robbins (2005) note: If temporaries are employed solely as a cost-cutting measure, the pay and benefits offered to contingent workers might differ from those offered to other workers hired part-time as a result of restructuring HRM, then, must discover specifically what these employees want. Is it flexibility in scheduling, autonomy, or the control over one's career destiny that such situations afford that attracts them Or is it just bad luck, and they are forced into this situation (19) Conflict between temporary and permanent workers must be anticipated by human resource management. If the new workers are given more pay or significant schedule flexibility this can cause concern and anger, resulting in a loss of productivity or even employees choosing to quit. A lesson can be learned from studying the massive

MKT501 Strategic Marketing - Mod 4 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MKT501 Strategic Marketing - Mod 4 SLP - Essay Example Even knowledge is not enough, as a potential consumer may have to be influenced by others or by the uniqueness of the product or service offering. In modern times, where different varieties of the same product or service are made available for different segments of the population, one may follow different strategies to create appeals or desires among different segments of the population, depending on its demographic, psychographic and lifestyle analysis (Kotler & Keller, 2011). Branding, advertising, personal selling, industrial selling and sales promotion and distribution efforts all constitute different types of promotion strategies for a product or service. Taking the example of a car as introduced in Module 1, we can see that advertising on television and billboards, sales promotion though different offers such as prizes in lucky draws connected with another product, and special deals available at car dealers are some of the methods that are used by automobile companies to induce people to buy their products. Of course, online advertising is another means to attract consumers of all types and income groups across the spectrum. Automobile companies usually show off their latest models inviting us to click their ads and browse the details of various models available. There is even a good market for second hand cars. As to the different marketing ploys used to attract different groups of customers, typically the higher income groups, celebrities and the t rend setters are shown the faster and sleeker varieties. Depending on the family size, a Pajero, a sedan or a Landcruiser may also be a good choice. On the other hand, while targeting a middle class family, a roomy and ergonomically designed car like a Camry would be a good choice. For the classier lot, a Lexus would be a good option. Similarly we have cars for the lower end as well, or those available at a discount being second hand cars. In this way the different segments of the market for

Law - Civil Procedure (Hong Kong) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law - Civil Procedure (Hong Kong) - Essay Example James (1854) 5 De G.M. & G. 876 and its brethren (Novello v. James (1854) 5 De G.M. & G. 876). This undertaking is not given to the party against whom the injunction is sought, but to the court who is overseeing the proceedings from which the injunction came (Zuckerman, 1994, p. 546). The reason that the plaintiff has to give this undertaking is in the event that either the injunction is dismissed for any reason, or that the defendant wins in a trial on the merits. In either of those cases, it must be shown that the defendant was kept from exercising his or her lawful rights, and was harmed by this. Therefore, the money given as an undertaking must be equivalent to what monetary damage that the defendant would experience because of this loss of rights. This undertaking is a safeguard for defendant’s rights, as the court is sworn to give both parties equal treatment, and it is a matter of â€Å"elementary fairness† that this undertaking is given (Kirklees Borough Council v. Wickes Building Supplies Ltd. [1991] 3 W.L.R. 985). However, the entitlement to damages is not independent of the undertaking (Fletcher Sutcliffe Wild Ltd. v. Burch [1982] F.S.R. 64), and whether or not the defendant is entitled to the undertaking is not decided by the material event, such as the injunction being dismissed or the defendant prevailing on the merits, but, rather, is a discretion of the court (Attorney General v. Albany Hotel Co. [1986] 2 Ch. 696). This discretion is not limited in any way (Cheltenham and Gloucester Building Society v. Ricketts [1993] 1 W.L.R. 1545. This means that the court does not necessarily have to grant the defendant the damages that have been deposited, even if the defendant prevails on the merits and even if the injunction is dismissed, and this discretion about whether or not to award the defendant is essentially unbridled. This brings up the question of what the undertaking is meant to compensate. The injunction usurps the defendantâ€⠄¢s rights in some way, and this is a harm that is suffered by the defendant. For instance, perhaps the defendant is enjoined from keeping open his business after he has already opened it, because the plaintiff seeks an injunction based upon the fact that defendant is, say, operating a business that is not zoned for a particular area. As it turns out, the zoning for the area is proper, and the existence of the business in this area is also proper. Yet Defendant has now lost several days or even weeks of business. This is a clear harm to the defendant, yet the court does not have to award the defendant the undertaking if the court deems this to be fit, and this discretion is not limited, therefore the defendant probably could not prevail on an appeal on the matter, as appeals courts are loathe to interfere with judicial discretion. This is obviously an injustice, but, since an undertaking is not a function of tort, criminal or contract law, it is difficult to classify it, so it is di fficult to state what is proper when examining judicial discretion on the issue. One clear way that the defendant may get the undertaking would be when it is clear that the injunction should never have been granted (Norwest Holst Civil Engineering Ltd. v. Polysius [1987] CA Transcript 644. However, there is a difficulty in ascertaining when an injunction should

Operational Management Kaplan Nortan Generic Map Essay Example for Free

Operational Management Kaplan Nortan Generic Map Essay In Kaplan Norton Generic Strategy map, one perspective is the learning and growth perspective. Explain the significance of this perspective. Write the requirement of the perspective in detail and what outcome can be achieved if it is followed. Significance * Learning and growth strategies are important for the long term development of the firm * Learning and growth perspective defines the intangible assets which are needed to enable the activities and customer relationships to be performed at high level * It includes measurement for people (employee retention, training, skills, morale) * It also measure critical real time information needed for front line employees * The chain of cause and effect relationships tend to cause improvements in business processes , which in turn cause improvements in sales and financial measurement of profitability. The direction of cause and effects relationship can be emphasized as: Learning and growth  º Internal business process  º Customer  º Financial * It continuously develop and deliver new innovative products and services * Organization innovation and learning perspective is used to maintain infrastructure needed for long term growth and improvements. Learning and Growth perspective: In learning and growth perspective organizations purpose is â€Å"to achieve its mission and how it will sustain its ability to change and improve† it defines the intangible assets that are needed to enable activities and customer relationship to be performed at high levels of performance so that the firm can serve its customer well. This perspective is also the base of forming strategy if base is well structured and aligned with the organizational objective strategy can prove itself more effective. It is important important for the long term development of the firm. Requirements Requirements of learning and growth perspective are listed below: * Strategic competencies * Strategic technologies * Climate for action Strategic competencies: Strategic competencies are the strategic skills and knowledge required by the work force to support the strategy. Strategy itself is of no use until unless supported and implemented by the workforce of the organization. Employees should be involved in decision making so that they considered themselves a part of the firm and take rational decisions about .If some employee is doing well for the organization firm should reward him and give him recognition for the job that he has performed well this thing gives us the concept of motivation it is the driving force that drives a person to achieve its objective. Strategic Technologies: These are the materials and process technologies, information system, databases, tools, and network required to support the strategy. Once strategy is made now it requires some technical software tools for its processing it can be some software that enable the work force to reduce times in the operations of the business. An organization can gain competitive edge over its competitors by using technologies. Climate for actions: Climate for action provides the cultural shifts needed to motivate, empower, and align the workforce behind the strategy . it’s the course of action that how organization is going to align its strategic competencies, strategic technologies with each other . organization matches its abilities with its strategies and oversees if it can perform as they have made the strategy. It’s a point where organization checks its strategic fit between the organizational plan and resources employed for it . It accesses the climate prior to the action . Outcomes As it focuses on intangible assets of the firm mainly on the internal skills and capabilities of the employees that are required to support the value creating internal processes. It also describes how technology people are combined to support the strategy and if it is implemented it can lead in the improvement in the internal processes, customers, and financial perspective

Drug Induced Schizophrenia: Causation Analysis

Drug Induced Schizophrenia: Causation Analysis Drug Induced Schizophrenia Often, when people associate schizophrenia with individuals most people very seldom understand that this mental illness disorder can be associated with the abuse of illegal drug use. The impact that drug induced schizophrenia has on the user and the repercussions from the extension of the emotional hardships brought upon the user’s family are staggering. This paper will set in place an understanding of the risks associated with illegal, recreational drugs, which can be a caustic combinations of poisonous chemicals introduced into the body causing serious and sometimes irreversible damage to the human brain and psyche. Drugs like cocaine, cannabis, and hallucinogens can cause mental health problems and, when paired with a pre-existing mental illness, can exacerbate the symptoms of such illnesses. Some drugs, when taken frequently for long periods of time, can actually manifest as psychotic symptoms indicative of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, according to the Australian Government’s National Drug Strategy (dualdiagnosis.org/drug-addiction/psychosis). Symptoms of drug-induced psychosis and schizophrenia may occur when a drug user has a mental illness prior to drug use. It may be hard to identify symptoms that are exclusively due to the drug use itself. Most symptoms, if the condition is unrelated to drugs, will continue after abstinence from the drug. The opposite is true for drug-induced psychosis; the schizophrenic-like effects will more or less subside after the drug wears off. However, this is not true for all drug users as frequent and prolonged use can cause side effects that last up to years after use discontinues (dualdiagnosis.org/drug-addiction/psychosis). Because drugs cause interruptions in the absorption and release of brain chemicals like serotonin or dopamine, the internal structure and function of the brain changes as use continues (Rosenthal, 1997). Essentially re-mapping the chemical functions of the brain, much in the same way as a police officer re-routing traffic on a roadway or completely blocking access to t he roadway altogether. With heavy, long-term use, nearly any drug can cause symptoms of psychosis in the user. A few, however, tend to be more closely correlated with drug-induced psychosis than others. Stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines can contribute to psychotic symptoms that can last days, months, and years after the drug use stops. Long-term use is attributed to loss of memory and problems with concentration. In a study noted in the Journal of Psychiatric Practice, about one-half of cocaine users showed psychotic symptoms after use. When freebased or used with a needle (intravenously), the risk for these experiences increase dramatically (dualdiagnosis.org/drug-addiction/psychosis). Delusions attributed to alcohol can cause disorientation, disorganized speech and mental confusion. In most cases, these effects go into remission when sobriety occurs. Alcohol is also one of the most widely abused substances, along with marijuana and cocaine. Psychedelic drugs like phencyclidine (PCP) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) affect the user in a way that mimics actual psychosis, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine. These hallucinogen drugs, however, are not shown to induce psychosis with the first use. The symptoms are more prevalent after repeated use of the drug over a period of time. Schizophrenia is often difficult to identify in most individuals. Addiction and mental illness mimicking schizophrenic episodes can be difficult to diagnose with the incredible diversity and breadth of tolerances individuals have relating to the reaction their bodies and cognitive brain function have to the absorption through tissues, metabolic rates and other physiologica l factors to foreign chemicals when introduces into the body. Those individuals that show symptoms or clear cognitive dysfunction are sometimes referred to by lay people as having a scrambled or short-circuited brain. That description is indicative of schizophrenic behavior. There are also clear signs of recognition to the condition that correlate with drug abuse and schizophrenic behaviors such as problems with law enforcement or legal problems, sporadic homelessness, reoccurring use of the emergency room or a chronic need for hospitalization (Kosten, 1997). Psychotic symptoms present themselves among individuals who are enthralled in heavy illicit drug use. The good news with these psychotic users who reach treatment, over half are consistently documented as positively responding to treatment with the use of ant-psychotic drugs coupled with individual and group counseling within one to six months. The bad news is for success with abstinence to continue with a drug induced schizophrenic patient requires them to conform to counseling and a consistent regiment with no deviation of the prescribed ant-psychotic medications (Rosenthal, 1997). This is the downside of this particular mental decease, when a patient begins something similar to normalcy a great majority of them discontinue all treatment including counseling and prescribed medication believing they no longer need the intervention because of their confidence and belief they are functioning well and do not attribute their continued improvement of their mental health to the medical in tervention (Rosenthal, 1997). Amongst one of the most dangerous and damaging drug to the function of the brain is the abuse of amphetamines. Amphetamines permanently damage neurological routing with no ability to repair brain function loss in the frontal lobe that controls personality and emotional behavior of amphetamine users, the scariest part of this particular drug is the user does not have to have an extended history of illicit use; the neurological damage begins to occur with the first use of amphetamines (Kokkinidis, 1980). Psychosis or schizophrenia can set in with these users almost immediately based on their physiological ability or inability to tolerate hard narcotic use. It is believed that the over activity of dopamine in the brain is a leading cause of schizophrenia and the use of un-prescribed illicit drugs exacerbates psychotic behaviors. While it is true those individuals under the influence of alcohol can exhibit psychotic or schizophrenic behavior it is rarely long lasting and if observed over a long period of time would probably move out of the realm of actually being schizophrenic. Alcohol is a depressant and lowers brain chemical functioning within an individual causing a loss of inhibition, an inability to be rationale, and decreased emotional ability that can appear childlike to the opposite end of the spectrum of violence with their behavior due to alcohol blocking dopamine production. Studies are leaning that the opposite might be true with narcotic use that drive the production of dopamine causing euphoria, anxiousness, and paranoia (Bowers, 1980). An interesting study shows that a large segment of schizophrenic illness lies within the minority community and the illness combined with illegal drug use and illegal activity has certainly blinded law enforcement professionals with the problem of this particular mental illness and the damaging affects it is having on the minority population that in large goes unrecognized do to the disparity of race between law enforcement and the offender (Ruiz, 1982). When users with mental illness and certainly predisposed minorities to drug induced metal illness such as schizophrenia are labeled offenders in the criminal justice system those patients are being mislabeled and find themselves amongst the incarcerated, instead of hospitalization as appropriately needed (Ruiz, 1982). Once these users or patients are incarcerated the chance of receiving services that are needed are almost non-existent within U.S. prisons. Funding is not available for these types of inmates to be properly supervised a nd medically treated. Staff within most prison facilities are not equipped or provided training to address schizophrenia or psychosis on a meaningful basis of supervision other than to supervise the schizophrenic inmates living existence (Ruiz, 1982). On the opposite side of the incarcerated offender is the user on the street that is left to function in a world he/she is not equipped to function in. There is almost no city in the United States equipped with resources to handle the overwhelming influx of uninsured mental health patients. Most people who are inflicted with this disease do not have the ability to maintain employment and have often exhausted or alienated themselves from family members and all other support that is needed (Ruiz, 1982). Contributing to the cycle of drug induced schizophrenia is the lack of stability in individuals from the increase levels of dopamine being produced in their brain. When abnormally high levels of dopamine are present it can contribute to manic episodes, loss of sleep and long periods of duration that an individual is awake without R.E.M. sleep can have immediate negative effects on the psychological well-being of the user. Lack of sleep and over a period of time lack of consistent sleep due to drug use can lead to psychosis amongst drug users who are in a high state of dopamine arousal (Roman, 1972). Also contributing to the sleep loss psychosis is the inability to recognize diminished physical and mental abilities and there affects due to the combined mental illness and drug use. Often these are the circumstances that create the perfect recipe for a drug induced schizophrenic subject to become irritable, confused and then becomes violent because they irrationally believe they are in danger, thus acting out in a manner in which the schizophrenic subject is convinced they are appropriately reacting to an event when in reality the event is not real. Conclusion While researchers agree that drug induced schizophrenia is difficult to understand in the realm of the causation coming from predisposed physiological mental conditions or physical destruction from chemical drug abuse. There is an overwhelming agreement that the subject that is in battled with psychotic or schizophrenic disease coupled with drug addiction is immersed in a very difficult fight for proper diagnosis, access to care and avoiding the labels of being criminally culpable for a condition that is no longer in the subjects control. The difficulty not only lies with the mentally ill, but with their families and the helplessness that accompanies these individuals disease. The cost of revolving incarceration is a high factor with no positive result for the addicted user and for society. The reevaluation of schizophrenic and psychotic subjects from drug use as an area of criminal and social justice that continues to be ignored by no doubt the incredibly high cost of treating these individuals and the very low rate of compliance that data has so far shown for success is a primary cause of denial for proper treatment.

The Influence of Economic, Political, and Social Factors on Firms Essay

The Influence of Economic, Political, and Social Factors on Firms The long controversy exist over the influence of economic , political and social factors on the success of the firms. With many economist believing that economic factors such as management structure contribute to the success of the firm. Karl Marx (1976)[1] and other economist argued that economic factors are not the sole determiner of firm’s success. Marx believes that political, social and economics plays a part in making the firm to be effective. So the following paper will address the question of whether political, economic or social factors contribute to success of the firms. The discussion of economic, political and social factors will be based on the argument between Marglin and Landers. Competition creates a spur for companies to innovate, improve efficiency and drive down prices. Competition is a model of industrial structure in which many firms compete in the supply of a single product in a competitive environment where only the fittest or most affective firm succeeds. Before going further I will like to emphasise the competition I’m referring to is perfect competition where new firms can enter the market if it appears profitable[2]. Because of insignificant barrier to entry firms are faced with challenge to innovate and to improve efficiency. As stated by the neo-classical theory of the firm it is in the interest of the firm to keep the marginal cost as low as possible. The need to lower the average total cost persuaded firms to look for efficient form of production. Competition from rivals forced firms to adopt management systems that will allow them to outperform their rivals .I clearly agree with Landers that the new management system emerged because its effectiveness[3]. Firms adopted the putting out system because it allows them to have edge over other firms The creation of the factories overcome the control that workers had over their work in the early phase of capitalist through the cottage system. Under the cottage system workers were working from home and the domestic craftsmen was master of his time. The lack supervision under the cottage industry meant that workers had no control over how much worker produced per day. Firms were not benefiting because it was easy for workers to steal raw materials. As stated by Karl Marx and the o... ... as mentioned by Marglin both social and economic factors play a part , but they depend on competition .For example in the factory system firms exploited workers because of competition if I wasn’t because of competitions firms wouldn’t have exploited workers. [1] Landers ,†what do bosses really do ?p.591 [2] Landers ,†what do bosses really do ?p.591 [3] Marglin â€Å"What do bosses do ?p.18 [4]Marglin â€Å"what do bosses do ?p.16-17 [5] Marglin what do bosses do? [6] Chandler (1992)managerial enterprise and competitive capabilities, business history .p16 [7] Elger ,T & Fairbrother , P (1992)fordism and flexibility .p.40 REFERENECE LISTS Chandler , A .(1992),†managerial enterprise and competitive capabilities; Business history review , vol.58,no .4. Elger, T & Fairbrother ,P.(1992),’inflexible flexibility ‘ in N. Gilbert et al (eds) Fordism and flexibility :Division and Change(London , Macmillan) Lazonick,w.(1991), Business organization and the myth the economy. Landers, D.(1986), â€Å"What do bosses really do† The journal of economic history Marglin.S.(1976)’What do bosses do ‘ .In A .Gorz (ed),The division of Labour (Brighton , Harvester) The Influence of Economic, Political, and Social Factors on Firms Essay The Influence of Economic, Political, and Social Factors on Firms The long controversy exist over the influence of economic , political and social factors on the success of the firms. With many economist believing that economic factors such as management structure contribute to the success of the firm. Karl Marx (1976)[1] and other economist argued that economic factors are not the sole determiner of firm’s success. Marx believes that political, social and economics plays a part in making the firm to be effective. So the following paper will address the question of whether political, economic or social factors contribute to success of the firms. The discussion of economic, political and social factors will be based on the argument between Marglin and Landers. Competition creates a spur for companies to innovate, improve efficiency and drive down prices. Competition is a model of industrial structure in which many firms compete in the supply of a single product in a competitive environment where only the fittest or most affective firm succeeds. Before going further I will like to emphasise the competition I’m referring to is perfect competition where new firms can enter the market if it appears profitable[2]. Because of insignificant barrier to entry firms are faced with challenge to innovate and to improve efficiency. As stated by the neo-classical theory of the firm it is in the interest of the firm to keep the marginal cost as low as possible. The need to lower the average total cost persuaded firms to look for efficient form of production. Competition from rivals forced firms to adopt management systems that will allow them to outperform their rivals .I clearly agree with Landers that the new management system emerged because its effectiveness[3]. Firms adopted the putting out system because it allows them to have edge over other firms The creation of the factories overcome the control that workers had over their work in the early phase of capitalist through the cottage system. Under the cottage system workers were working from home and the domestic craftsmen was master of his time. The lack supervision under the cottage industry meant that workers had no control over how much worker produced per day. Firms were not benefiting because it was easy for workers to steal raw materials. As stated by Karl Marx and the o... ... as mentioned by Marglin both social and economic factors play a part , but they depend on competition .For example in the factory system firms exploited workers because of competition if I wasn’t because of competitions firms wouldn’t have exploited workers. [1] Landers ,†what do bosses really do ?p.591 [2] Landers ,†what do bosses really do ?p.591 [3] Marglin â€Å"What do bosses do ?p.18 [4]Marglin â€Å"what do bosses do ?p.16-17 [5] Marglin what do bosses do? [6] Chandler (1992)managerial enterprise and competitive capabilities, business history .p16 [7] Elger ,T & Fairbrother , P (1992)fordism and flexibility .p.40 REFERENECE LISTS Chandler , A .(1992),†managerial enterprise and competitive capabilities; Business history review , vol.58,no .4. Elger, T & Fairbrother ,P.(1992),’inflexible flexibility ‘ in N. Gilbert et al (eds) Fordism and flexibility :Division and Change(London , Macmillan) Lazonick,w.(1991), Business organization and the myth the economy. Landers, D.(1986), â€Å"What do bosses really do† The journal of economic history Marglin.S.(1976)’What do bosses do ‘ .In A .Gorz (ed),The division of Labour (Brighton , Harvester)